Cultivator.



No. 667,740. Patented Feb. l2, |901.

w. suma-1|..y GULTIVATUR.

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*CUL'TIVATOR (Application med Mm. 12, 1900,) (No Modal.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

wrnonms PETERS oo.. Pnorau'nm.. wAsmNs-mu u e No. 667,74o.

(N0 Modal.)

Patented Fab. I2, l90l. W. SKAKEL.

CU LTI'V'ATOR.

(Application filed Mar. 12, 1900.)

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w. sKAKEL.

CULTIVATOR.

Application led Knr. 12, 1900.) (No Model.) r8 Sheets-Shut 5.

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No. 667,740. Patented Feb. l2', 190|. l

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CULTIVATOB.

(Application led Mar. 12, 1900.) (No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 6.

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No. 667,746. Patented Feb. |2`, Ism. w. sKAKEL.

CULTIVATOR.

(Application ld Mar. 12, 1900.) (No Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet 7.

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No. 667,740. Patented FBb. I2, 190|.

W. SKAKEL.

GULTIVATOB.

(Appumin med nu. 12, 1900.) (No Model.) 8 Shasta-Sheet 8.

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VILLIAM SKAKEL, OF VAGNER, SOUTH DAKOTA.

CU LTIVATOR.

SPECIFCATION forming* i933@ 0f LeteS abent No. 667,740, dated February 12, 1901.

Application filed March l2, 1900. Serial No. 8,308. (No model.)

To {t/Z whom it' may concern,.-

Bc it known that I, WILLIAM SKAKEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Wag'- ner, in the county of Charles Mix and State of South Dakota, have'invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cultivators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to cultivators designed for cultivating two rows of corn at the same time, being in effect a double cultivator in one machine.

The objects of the invention are to improve the support and hanging of the plow-beams and plows and have the arrangement one by which the plows will operate on both sides of two rows of corn and be capable of swinging vertically and moving laterally all together; to support the several beams fiexibly and so that all the beams can be swung or moved laterally for dodging hills of corn out of line and for following crooked rows; to enable the machine to be under perfect control by one or the other of ltwo levers, either of which can be used for swinging the plows laterally or raising them vertically; to apply automatically-operating means for scraping' or cleaning the shovels with the movement of the cultivator and from the rotation of one of -the carrying-wheels; to improve Jthe hitch of the horses to the machine both at the yoke end of the tongue and at the hitch to the draft and so that the draft will be equalized irrespective of the advance of one or the other of the horses; to provide a seat and a canopy therefor7 and to improve generally the coustruction and operation of the machine as a whole.

The invention consists in the various features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In lhe drawings, Figure 1 is a top or plan View with the lever for adjusting the depth and raising the plows out of the ground in section and the seat and its canopy removed; Fig. 2, a side elevation with one of the carrying-wheels removed; Fig. 3, a longitudinal section on line 3 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow; Fig. 4, a transverse sectional elevation on line 4 of Fig. 1 lookingin the direction of the arrow; Fig. 5, a detail in elevation of the shaft and cam for operating the shovel-cleaners; Fig. 6, a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 5; Fig. '7, a perspective view of one end of the cam of the shovel-cleaning device; Fig. 8, a rear elevation showing the shovels and connecting-bar and supporting-rods therefor with the levers for manipulating the shovels in section; Fig. 9, a detail, partlyin section, of the connection between the beams of the side shovels; Fig. 6o

10, a detail, partlyin section, of the connection for the center beams and shovels; Fig. 11, a detail in plan of one forward corner of the frame, showing the swing-hoard for the forward end 'of the plow-beams and the lever and rock-shaft for the shovel-cleaners; Fig. 12, a detail of the joint and swing-board and connection for the plow-beams; Fig. 13, a detail of the end pivot 'for the swing-board of the plow-beam; FiO. 14, a detail of the midway connection for the swing-board of the plow-beam; Fig. l5, a plan view showing the tongues and the draft-equalizer; Fig. 16, a plan view showing the forward end of the tongues and the neck-yoke; Fig. 17, a front end view of the tongues and neck-yoke; Fig. 18, a side elevation of the forward end of the tongue and the neck-yoke, showing the attachment of the yoke; Fig. 19, a detail in side elevation of one of the plow-beams, showing the shovel-cleaner and the devices for operating the same; Fig. 20, a perspective view of a shovel and a cleaner; Fig. 21, a perspective view of the bracket or support carrying the L-lever of the shovel-cleaning'device, and Fig. 22 a perspective view of the L-lever of the shovel-cleaner- The machine is to have a carrying-wheel A and a carrying-wheel A' at each end of an arch-axle B, which wheels are mounted on suitable spindles extending out from the ver tical portions of the arch-axle, as usual. A frame-piece C extends forward from each end of the arch-axle and across the front of the machine. This frame piece is preferably made of steel or iron and of an angular shape in cross-section, and its rear ends are secured to supports l), mounted on the axle and held in place by means of clips b. Atruss-rod B also runs from each support o across the machine adjacent to the axle to brace or support the frame against lateral strain.

A plow-beam D is provided for each side and the center of the machine. The outer or IOO side plow-beams have a secondary beam D', and both the main beam and the secondary beam each carry at. their rear end a shovel. rllhe center plow-beam has on each side a secondary plow-beam D and the main plow-beam and both the secondary plow-beams each carry at the rear end a shovel. The relation between the beams and the shovels is such that a row of corn is between the center beam and its shovels and each of the outside beams and their shovels, by which arrangement two rows of corn are cultivated at the same time. The outside shovels of the outer plow-beams at the same time operate on the rows adjacent to the two rows being cultivated on one side of such adjacent rows.

The forward end of each plow-beam has a two-way coupling, by means of which each beam is free to be swung laterally and can also be raised vertically. The coupling E for the lateral swing consists of a plate or casting e, pivoted at its forward end between ears on a bracket or casting e by a pivot-bolt e2. The vertical swing is secured by attaching the bracket or casting e' to a swing-board E', extending across the front of the machine. The swingboard at each end has a journal or pivot e3, entered into a staple e4, bolted to the frame-piece C, and intermediate supports for the swinging board are furnished by a bearing e5, entered into a support e, attached to the under side of the tongue. The swingboard through its end journals and intermediate bearings is free to rise and fall at its rear portion, permitting the requisite vertical movement for raising and lowering the plowbeam. The coupling E through the vertical pivot e2 permits each beam to swing laterally or sidewise, and this swing, in conjunction with the vertical swing ot the board E, gives the required knuckle-joint movement for the plow-beams to be raised and lowered and to be swung sidewise or laterally.

A rock-shaft F is mounted in suitable bearings on the tongues of the machine, so as to extend laterally across the machine. This rock-shaft is provided with an arm f for each plow-beam, and a flexible connection by means of a chain j" or otherwise is had be tween each arm fand its plow-beam D, which connection gives the necessary flexibility for the movements of the beam. A lifting and setting lever F' is pivotally mounted on a standard F3, supported at its lower end on the arch-axle and truss, as shown in Figs. 3 and it. The standard F3 at its Lipper end has a rack F2, withwhich a pawl or catch on the lever F' engages, so that by means of the rack and the pawl the lever after movement in raising or lo ering the plows can be locked and held in its adj usted position. The lever F has a forwardly-extending arm f2, which is connected by a chain f5 or otherwise with an arm f4 on the rock-shaft F, so that by the downward movement of the lever the rock-shaft will be partially rotated through the arms f2 and f4 and chain f3 to lift or raise the armsf and through the chains f raise all of the plow-beams simultaneously. The movement of the lever F upward releases the pull on the chain f3 and allows the rock-shaft to rotate in the opposite direction for the armsf to drop and lower the plow-beams. It will thus be seen that through the lever F and the connecting arms and chains and the rockshaft all the plow-beams can be raised and lowered at the same time, so that when raised they will be clear of the corn and when lowered they will be set in the ground for the depth it is desired the shovels shall run.

The three plow-beams are tied together, so as to move in unison laterally, by a cross-bar G, and the movements of the cross-bar are controlled by means of levers G, two levers being provided in order to permit` either hand of the operator by grasping one or the other of the levers to control the movements of the beams, thus leaving one handof the operator free for driving or other purposes, while the other hand controls the lateral swing of the beams in dodging hills out of line or following sinuous or curved rows. The levers G also enable the plow-beams to be raised vertically for the purpose of relieving the shovels in case of clogging from weeds or when the shovels need raising for any other pur- `pose temporarily. Each lever G passes through an eye or stirrup g on the crossbar G, and its forward end is pivotally supported on an arm or bracket g by a knuckle-joint connection, so as to permit the levers to move sidewise or laterally and to be raised and lowered.

Each plow-beam is connected with the crossbar G, so as to permit of the adjustment of the shovels in or out as requiredV for use and so as to allow the shovels to be moved in or out and set according to the distance it is desired to have them run to the hills or rows of corn. The connection should also be one that will permit of the lateral swing without changing the parallelism of the beams and shovels. Each beam in the construction shown is connected with the cross-bar G by a depending flat bar g2, the upper end of which bars are turned so as to lie iatwise against the face of the cross-bar and hold the supporting-bars'from turning, and each fiat bar is attached to the cross-bar by two bolts, and the turned upper ends of the outer bars and the cross-bar at the ends are both provided with a series of holes by means of which the beams and shovels can be moved bodily in or out by connecting the supporting-bar with the cross-bar farther in or farther out at the ends, as required. As shown, a brace g3 extends from each outer fiat supportingbar to the plow-beam and is connected at each end by eyebolts or otherwise, so as to give a exible connection, and a brace g3 is also provided for the center beam, extending from the beam to the cross-bar G and con nected at each end by eyebolts to furnish a flexible connection. An additional support IOO is furnished by a rod g4, extending down from the cross-bar G and connected with the plowbeam, which rod in order to permit of the lateral swing and prevent strain on the supporting-bars is provided with a universal connection g at the top and a pivot connection at the bottom, and the flat supporting-bars g2 likewise have a pivot connection at the lower end. Each outside beam has its two parts spread or separated by a cross-piece D2, and the tuvo beams are held by a cross-bolt d. Each cross-piece Dz has at each end a socket d', into which the pivot ends of the supporting-bars are entered, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, so as to give the pivotal connection required. The center beam has its three parts spread apart and held by means of supports D3, one for each side beam of the center beam and one on each side of the middle beam of the center beam, as shown in Fig. 10. Each support has a series of holes d2 for the passage of a clamping-bolt d3, and these supports, in connection with the holes and clamping-bolts, permit of the in and out adjustment or spread of the two outer beams to support the two outer shovels at the distance required to the sides of the two rows of corn with which these shovels work. Each support D3 of the midway beam has at its outer end a socket d', one socket receiving the pivot end of the dat supporting-bar and the other socket the pivot end of the supporting-rod, as shown in Figs. Sand l0, so as to furnish the required pivotal connection for the lower ends of the bar and rod. It will thus be seen that the side adjustment of the shovels to set them out any distance required from the rows of corn being cultivated is secured through the adjusting-holes of Ithe outer supports and the cross-bar and through the adjusting-holes of the centerbeam brackets. The several beams are sup ported and carried from a common cross-bar, which bar is capable of movement laterally or vertically by either one of the levers G, so that by the movement of either lever all the beams and their shovels are simultaneously moved, by which arrangement a movement to bring a shovel properly in position for a hill of corn likewise brings all the shovels into position for the opposite hills of corn, thus enabling` a single movement by a single lever and by either hand of the operator to adjust the shovels at one and the same time to the two hills in the two rows of corn.

The several beams are counterbalanced, so as to permit of their easy lifting by means of a spiral or coil spring H, one end of which is attached to an arm 7L on the rock-shaft F, and the other is attached to a plate or support h on one of the tongues. This spring H has a sufficient pull to balance the weight of the beams and their shovels, and for this purpose the spring has an adjustable connection to the tongue by means of a nut on the end of the spring passing through the plate or bracket t, which nut can be advanced or receded, so

as to enable the operator to set the spring to any tension desired.

The wheel A has secured thereto,in any suitable man ner so as to revolve therewith, a sprocket-wheel Land a sprocket-chain I runs over this sprocket-wheel and over a sprocketpinion 7l, so that with the revolution of the carrying-wheel A the link or sprocket chain will be driven and rotate the pinion t'. This pinion is on the end of ashaft J, mounted in bearings 7' on a support J', attached to the frame-piece C, 'as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and, as shown, the pinion is attached to the end of the shaft and by a hub t" and suitable set-screw. The shaft J atits opposite end to the pinion i carries a cam K, which cam has an acting face la and at its outer corner has an inclined face k'. The acting face t when the cam is revolved engages an antifrictionroller Z on an arm or lever L, extending out from a rock-shaft M, such engagement occurring only when the arm or lever and its roller are in the line of the path of travel of the cam and its acting face k. The rock-shaft M is supported at one end in a support c on the frame-piece O and is also supported in bearings c on the tongues of the machine, and this shaft extends transversely across the machine so as to cover the space occupied by the plowbea-ms. The shaft M is provided at points in line with each plow-beam with an arm m, and.

its limit of throw or rock in a forward direction is stopped by a catch m', attached to the swing-board E, as shown in Figs. ll and l2. The shaft M, in addition to its rocking movement,has an endwise movement,which movement is limited by pins m2 on each side of the support c, as shown in Fig. ll. This endwise movement is for the purpose of enabling the shaft, with its arms,to be moved endwise a distance required to bring the arm or lever L and its rollers Zinto the path of travel of the cam K and its face la, so that with the downward movement of the cam through the engagement with the roller the arm or lever L Will be carried down, and Stich downward movement of the arm or lever moves the arms m forward,for a purpose hereinafter explained. "he shaft is returned to its normal position and out of the line of engagement of the cam with the arm or lever by the incline lo on the cam, which strikes the endof the arm or lever and through its inclined face moves the rod or shaft M endwise out of position, so that on the succeeding revolution of the cam no engagement will take place between the cam and the arm or lever and no movement of the rock-shaft will occur. The rock-shaft is moved end wise so as to bring the arm or lever L in proper position for engagement by means of a cord M in the arrangement sl1own,which cord at one end is attached to the rod or rockshaft and passes through an eye m3 on the side of the tongue and extends back to one of the levers Gl, so as to be within the reach of the hand of the operator for the operator by grasping and pulling on the cord to slide the IOO rock-shaft endwise into operative position, which movement should be made when the shovels need cleaning.

A rod N is attached to each arm m and extends rearwardly, and at its rear end has jointed thereto at n two rods N' and N2. A rod N and its companion two rods N and N2 are provided for each pair of shovels. Each rod N' and N2 is attached to an L-lever O, the attachment being to the arm o of such lever,

which arm, as shown, is provided with a series of holes for the proper attachment of the rod on one side and the proper attachment of the return-spring on the opposite side.V Each lever has an arm o and an arm o' and is pivotally mounted on each beam by means of a support or bracket 02, the same bolt which attaches the plate or bracket also furnishing the pivot for the'lever. The plate or bracket has a depending ear o4, between which and the arm o ot' the lever is a coil-spring o3 of the requisite tension to return the lever aft-er each operation from the rock-shaft, such return of the lever O, also through the connecting-rods, returning the rock-shaft. A lever is provided for each shovel, and each lever at the outer end of it-s arm o has depending therefrom a spring-support P, which support at its upper end is pivotally mounted in an eye or socket p' and at its lowerend carries a scraper p to engage the acting' face of the shovel Q. The downward rock of the shaft M, through the forward movement of the arm lm., nieves each rod N forward, carrying with it the connecting-rods N' and N2, and each of these rods operates its own lever O, producing a downward throw of the outer end of the arm o,wl1ich forces down the spring-support Pand moves the cleaner p downward over the face of the shovel.

The movement of the cleaners, as before stated, is controlled by the operator through the cord M', and when it is desired to clean the shovels the operator by pulling on the cord M' moves the rock-shaft M endwise into position for the engagement of the arm or lever L with the cam K,which engagement, as already described, carries down the scraper or cleaner for each shovel, so that all the shovels will be cleaned or operated upon at one and the same time, and when the cleaner or scraper has traveled the full length of the shovel the cam through its incline it" moves the rock-shaft endwise and out of the line of engagement with the lever L, permitting the springs o3 to operate and return the L-levers and the Scrapers or cleaners and the other parts to normal position. The cleaning operation can be performed with the shovels in the ground, or it can be performed with the shovels out of the ground, as may be desired, and such cleaning operation is had through the travel of the machine by the rotation of the carrying-wheel, which rotates the sprocketwheel, by which arrangement the cleaning operation is automatically performed by the travel of the cultivator, except as to the requirernent of moving the rock-shaft endwise into engagement.

Each shovel Q is to be provided with the ordinary shield Q', carried by a bar Q2 from the plow-beam, as usual.

The machine, as shown, has two tongues R for the use of three horses, one between the two tongues and one on the outside of each tongue. The neck-yoke R' at the forward end of the tongue is attached thereto by means of rings r', depending from the yoke, and the end face of each tongue is protected by a guard-plate r, against which the ring slides. Each tongue is provided with a forward and rearward stop r2, which may be furnished by extending two of the bolts, as shown in Figs. 17 and 1S, and these stops prevent the neckyoke from slipping too far back or being drawn so far forward as to slip the yoke from the end of the tongue. The forward stop r2, in order to permit of the neck-yoke being slipped onto and olf from the end of the tongue, is loose, so that it can be moved up or down as required for attaching and detaching the neck-yoke.

The employment of .three horses required in a double cultivator necessitates the employment of some means for equalizing the draft. An arrangement for this purpose is shown in Fig. l5 in the form of eveners, known as a three-horse evener. An evener or doubletree S is pivoted by a stirrup to each tongue R, and the outer end of each evener has connected thereto, by a stirrup s,a singletree S'. The center or middle singletree S2 has a roller connection s2 with a chain S3, attached at each end, as shown, by a connection s3. The chain furnishes a flexible counection between the inner end of the two eveners or doubletrees and the attachment for the center singletrees, so that no matteiif one horse is in advance of another the draw of all three horses will be equal, as the middle singletree will adjust its draw through the chain and roller, so as to give the required difference in the pull of all three horses for the equalizing effect. This result is secured by reason of the chain connection which travels around the roller, so that uo matter at what point the chain may be in relation to the roller, whether close to the end of one evener and far away from the end of the opposite, the draw of the chain is exactly the same.

As shown, each tongue at its rear end is supported on the axle by asupport R2, and each tongue is bolted to the frame-piece C, so that the axle, theframe-piece, and the tongue have a rigid attachment and connection. Extending back from each tongue and bolted thereto is a bar' T, united at the rear ends by a cross-bar T', on which is mounted a seat T2, and, as shown, depending from the bars T is a support t, carrying foot-rests t', so that the driver on the seat T2 has a support for his feet. A canopy U, supported on standards U', is located above the drivers seat, which IOO IXO

canopy serves as a protection for the driver against the sun.

I claiml. In a two-row cultivator, the combination of a beam on each side, each beam carrying shovels, a center beam carrying shovels, a coupling for each beam at the forward end, a swinging board carrying the couplings, a rock-shaft common to all of the beams, arms on the rock-shaft one foreach beam, a flexible connection between each rock-shaft arm and its beam and means for rocking the shaft and raising and lowering the beams, substantially as described.

2. In a two-row cultivator, the combination of a beam on each side, each beam carrying shovels, a center beam carrying shovels, a cross-bar from which the several beams are suspended at the rear, and two levers each engaging' with and carrying the cross-bar for the operating of either lever to swing all the beams laterally at the same time and to raise and lower all the beams at the same time, substantially as described.

3. In a two-row cultivator, the combination of a beam on each side, each beam carrying shovels, a center beam carrying shovels7 a eross-bar common to all of the beams, an adjustable connection between the ends of the cross-bar and the end beams for moving the shovels sidewise, a connection between the sections of the center beam for adjusting the shovels sidewise, and a connection between the cross-bar and the center beam, substantially as described.

4. In a two-row cultivat-or, the combination of a series of. plow-beams, a cross-bar common to all of the beams, a Iiat bar suspending each beam from the cross-bar and having a pivotal connection 'with the beam at the lower end and a fixed connection to the bar at the upper end, and a swivel-jointed suspendingrod between each beam and the cross-bar, substantially as described.

5. In a two-row cultivator, the combination of aseries of plow-beams, across-bar common to all of the beams, a flat bar suspending each beam from the cross-bar and having` a pivotal connection with the beam at the lower end and a fixed connection to the bar at the upper end, a swivel-jointed suspending-rod between each beam and the cross-bar, and a swivel-brace for the beam, substantially as described.

6. In a two-row cultivator, the combination of a beam on each side, each beam carrying shovels, a center beam carrying shovels, a coupling for each beam at the forward end, a swinging board carrying the couplings, a cross-bar from which the several beams are suspended at the rear and two levers each engaging with and carrying' the cross-bar, for the operating of either lever to swing all the beams laterallyT and to raise and lower all the beams, substantially as described.

WILLIAM SKAKEL.

Witnesses:

EPHRAIM BANNING, BELLE W. BARRY. 

